It has historically been assumed that while the nature of war remains the same—i.e., violence inflicted on the adversary to bend them to one’s will—the character of warfare changes with technology, organisation, politics and culture. This notion has changed. Over the past decade, the nature of war has also changed, with increased use of non-contact and non-kinetic modes of warfare expanding the battlefield spatially and temporally. Defined periods of war and peace have been substituted by a competition continuum where adversaries aim less for destruction and more for disruption. Dual-use technologies that are cheap and diffused, have been key in this shift. In the changed milieu, it is imperative for the Indian armed forces to cultivate a class of technology-capable commanders who not only understand the latest technologies but also have the creative bandwidth to utilise them for innovative counters against adversaries.
Attribution: Akshat Upadhyay, “Amid Changing Nature and Character of War, the Need for Tech-Oriented Military Commanders for India,” ORF Occasional Paper No. 390, February 2023, Observer Research Foundation.
The Changing Nature and Character of War
Theorists attempting to categorise changes in warfighting over time, refer to ‘generations’ of warfare.[1] The first generation emphasised massed manpower and line-of-column tactics; the second involved machine guns and indirect fire; the third introduced manoeuvre and combined-arms warfare; and the fourth...
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